DVD Playback HOWTO

David Jao, djao@dominia.org

WORK IN PROGRESS!

Pentru perioada următoare lăsaţi textul englezesc pe pagină. Introduceţi paragraful în .ro după paragraful original. Rospell, refraze, sincronizare a termenilor, etc după cum doriţi şi după cât timp aveţi la dispoziţie. Eliminarea textului englezesc la urmă.

Text original:

http://tldp.org/HOWTO/DVD-Playback-HOWTO/index.html

2005-12-14 Revision History Translation 2005-12-14 wiki.lug.ro work in progress Revision 1.0 2004-02-26 Revised by: DJ Initial Release, reviewed by LDP Revision 0.9 2004-02-07 Revised by: DJ submitted to LDP Revision 0.1 2004-01-26 Revised by: DJ first public release

This document describes how to view DVD movies on a Linux computer with a DVD drive.

Acest HOWTO descrie setarea unui calculator Linux pentru vizionarea filmelor DVD.

1. Introduction

Cuprins

1 1. Introducere
2 2. Prepararea sistemului
3 3. Instalare software
4 4. Utilizare software
- 4.1 4.1 Principii generale: deinterlacing, telecine şi framerates
- 4.2 4.2 Instrucţiuni specifice

1. Introducere

In this document we describe how to view DVD movies and video on a Linux system. We give practical, specific, and straightforward commands for getting DVD playback up and running quickly on most of the popular Linux distributions. Special attention is given to the various little-known performance optimizations that are needed for smooth DVD video playback.

În acest document descriem configurarea rapidă a unui sistem Linux pentru vizionarea filmelor DVD. Sunt luate în considerare o serie întreagă de distribuţii Linux mai populare. O atenţie specială este este acordată unor optimizări mai puţin cunoscute.

1.1. Copyright and License

1.1 Copyright şi Licenţă

This document, DVD Playback HOWTO, is copyrighted (C) 2004 by David Jao. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is available at [1] http:// www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html.

Acest document, DVD Playback HOWTO, copyright (C) 2004 David Jao, poate fi redistribuit şi/sau modificat în conformitate cu termenii GNU Free Documentation License, versiunea 1.2 sau orice versiune ulterioară, publicată de Free Software Foundation, cu "no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts". O copie a acestei licenţe poate fi consultată la http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html.

Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.

Linux este un trademark al lui Linux Torvalds

1.2. Disclaimer

1.2 Disclaimer

No liability for the contents of this document can be accepted. Use the concepts, examples and information at your own risk. Although this is highly unlikely, there may be errors and inaccuracies herein that could be damaging to your system. The author(s) do not take any responsibility for any damage that you incur through your own actions.

Howto-ul este distribuit FĂRĂ NICI O GARANŢIE, fără implicarea vreunei garanţii comerciale ori a FIABILITĂŢII ÎNTR-UN SCOP PREDEFINIT. Prin folosirea informaţiei din acest howto, utilizatorul îşi asumă toate riscurile, inclusiv riscul de a distruge sistemul pe care lucrează. Autorul nu-şi asumă nici un fel de responsabilitate.

The mere act of accessing or viewing DVD content, or dealing in software written for such purposes, may be illegal in some localities. The author(s) cannot accept any responsibility for any actions of yours which violate the laws of the jurisdictions to which you are subject.

Simplul fapt de a accesa sau viziona un DVD, sau folosirea oricărui software în acest scop, ar putea fi ilegală în unele zone geografice. Autorii nu îşi asumă nici un fel de responsabilitate pentru acţiunile dumneavoastră care ar putea încălca legea în aceste jurisdicţii.

All copyrights are held by their by their respective owners, unless specifically noted otherwise. Use of a term in this document should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Naming of particular products or brands should not be seen as endorsements.

Drepturile de autor aparţin autorilor respectivi, dacă nu se specifică altfel. Folosirea oricărui termen în acest document nu trebuie să fie privit ca o încălcare de trademark sau o reclamă făcută firmelor sau produselor respective.

1.3. Feedback

1.3 Feedback

Questions, comments, suggestions, and feedback are most certainly welcome and should be sent to the author of this document at <djao@dominia.org>.

Pentru orice fel de întrebare, comentariu sau sugestie contactaţi autorul la adresa djao@dominia.org

2. System Preparation

2. Prepararea sistemului

2.1. Hardware Prerequisites

2.1 Hardware

A certain level of processing power is necessary for smooth DVD playback. The system requirements in Linux are somewhat higher than in Windows, because many of the techniques used for hardware acceleration of video playback work only in Windows.

O putere minimă de procesare este necesară pentru vizionarea filmelor DVD. În cazul Linux, cerinţele minime sunt ceva mai mari decât in Windows, datorită faptului că unele metode de accelerare hardware funcţionează numai în Windows.

At a minimum, I recommend the following:

Ca minim, recomandăm:

- 700 MHz or higher CPU,

- CPU 700 MHz sau mai bun

- video card with X Video Overlay support

- card video cu suport pentru X Video Overlay

- DVD drive with DMA enabled

- drive DVD cu suport DMA activ

2.2. Creating the /dev/dvd symlink

2.2 Crearea link-ului simbolic /dev/dvd

If you don't already have a /dev/dvd symbolic link, then run (as root) the command

Dacă nu aveţi deja /dev/dvd, rulaţi (ca root) comanda:

# ln -s /dev/hdc /dev/dvd

to create a symbolic link from /dev/dvd to the actual hardware device representing your DVD-ROM drive (which in this example is /dev/hdc, but you should replace it with the actual device file used by your drive). The /dev/ dvd link is not merely a matter of convenience; almost all of the player software mentioned in this HOWTO assumes that the link is there.

pentru a crea acest link spre dispozitivul DVD-ROM (care în acest exemplu este /dev/hdc). Link-ul /dev/dvd este folosit de toate programele player menţionate în acest howto.

If you don't know which device name your DVD-ROM drive uses, you can usually find it with the command dmesg | grep DVD in the console or a shell right after booting up the system.

Dacă nu ştiţi care este numele dispozitivului DVD, folosiţi comanda "dmesg | grep DVD" în consolă sau într-un shell imediat după un boot.

2.3. Setting the DVD Region

2.3 Setare regiune DVD

All DVD drives (except for [2] RPC Phase I drives made in 1999 or before) enforce region playback restrictions in the drive firmware and consequently are supposed to be set to a specific region before they can play back discs from that region (and only that region). In reality, most Linux DVD playback software can bypass the DVD drive's built-in region locks, but it takes extra time for the software to break the region lock, and it is better to avoid the complications of region locks if you can.

Toate dispozitivele DVD (cu excepţia celor RPC Phase I fabricate în sau înainte de 1999 - http://www.dvdcca.org/rpc.html) au o restricţie în firmware pentru o regiune specifică care restricţionează citirea discurilor codate pentru orice altă regiune. În realitate, majoritatea programelor player sub Linux pot decoda corect discuri codate pentru o altă regiune, însă aceasta ia mai mult timp, şi este bine să nu vă complicaţi.

For the small minority of readers who own RPC-I drives, you do not need to do anything: your drive is already capable of handling DVDs from all geographical regions. These drives are old enough by now that everybody who has one of them probably knows already that they have one.

Pentru o mică minoritate a cititorilor care au acces la un drive RPC-I, nu aveţi de făcut nimic: dispozitivul dumneavoastră este deja capabil de a citi discuri din orice regiune.

For the majority of readers who have RPC-II drives, there are several options available:

Majoritatea cititorilor care sunt în posesia unui dispozitiv RPC-II, sunt disponibile următoarele opţiuni:

1. If you only watch discs from one region, the easiest option is to use the
   [3] regionset program to set your DVD
   drive to the correct region.

1. Dacă vizionaţi numai discuri dintr-o regiune, cea mai simplă opţiune este
   să folosiţi programul regionset de la 
   http://linvdr.org/projects/regionset/ pentru setarea regiunii.

2. If you want to watch discs from multiple regions, you can try to find a
   firmware upgrade for your DVD drive in the firmware-flash.com collection
   of unofficial firmware files. Note that most of these files require you
   to boot to DOS or Windows to install.

2. Dacă doriţi să vizionaţi discuri din regiuni multiple, puteţi încerca să
   găsiţi un upgrade de firmware în colecţia rimware-flash.com. Sunt
   fişiere de firmware neoficiale, iar marea majoritate a lor necesită
   pornirea calculatorului în DOS sau Windows pentru a le instala.
  
3. You can buy a separate DVD drive for each DVD region that you wish to
   use. The prices for DVD-ROM drives have dropped low enough to make this
   strategy feasible.

3. Puteţi încerca să cumpăraţi un drive DVD separat pentru fiecare regiune
   pe care o folosiţi. Aceasta este o opţiune validă deoarece
   preţul unităţilor DVD a scăzut suficient.

4. Of course, you can simply do nothing, and rely on the built-in ability of
   Linux software to bypass the region restrictions. Note that even in this
   case you should use the [4] regionset
   program to set the drive to the region that you will be using the most,
   because an RPC-II drive without a region setting behaves as if all the
   regions are locked out.

4. Bineînţeles, puteţi să nu faceţi nimic şi să folosiţi decodarea software
   a diverselor programe Linux pe care le folosiţi. Chiar şi în acest caz
   trebuie să setaţi regiunea, deoarece o unitate DVD fără nici o regiune
   setată va împiedeca decodarea iniţială hardware pentru toate regiunile.

2.4. X Video Overlay

2.4 X Video Overlay

The XFree86 video overlay extension is a very poorly documented standard feature of XFree86 4.x and is absolutely essential for high quality video playback under Linux. It is the only type of hardware playback acceleration that is widely supported in Linux, and it is by far the single most important configuration element for DVD playback on a Linux system.

Extensia XFree86 video overlay este o opţiune standard pentru XFree86 4.x şi vine cu foarte puţină documentaţie. Este absolut necesară pentru un playback de calitate şi este singurul mod de accelerare hardware suportat în mod larg sub Linux. Este de departe cel mi important element de configurare pentru playback sub Linux.

To check if you have this extension, type xvinfo in an X terminal. If the command returns several screens full of important-looking output, then congratulations, you have hardware video overlay and you need not worry about it anymore.

Pentru a verifica că aveţi această extensie setată, introduceţi xvinfo într-un terminal sub X. Dacă primiţi înapoi câteva ecrane pline de informaţie, în acest caz extensia este setată corect.

If, on the other hand, xvinfo returns with a negative answer like:

Dacă pe de altă parte, xvinfo returnează un rezultat negativ ca de exemplu:

# xvinfo                                                                     
                                                                             
X-Video Extension version 2.2                                                
screen #0                                                                    
 no adaptors present

then that means you don't have hardware overlay support. See Overlay Troubleshooting for tips on how to get overlay support working.

aceasta înseamnă ca nu aveţi suport setat în hardware pentru overlay. Consultaţi Probleme Overlay mai jos.

2.5. Enabling DMA

2.5 Activare DMA

DMA drive access is critical for DVD playback because it lowers the CPU overhead of disc reading and leaves more of the CPU free for video playback. On most systems, enabling DMA support for the DVD drive means the difference between choppy playback and smooth playback.

Accesul DMA activat este critic pentru playback deoarece micşorează utilizarea procesorului în citirea discului, astfel încât acesta are mai mult timp pentru playback.

To see if you have DMA enabled, type (as root) the command

Pentru a vedea dacă DMA este activ, introduceţi (ca root) comanda

# hdparm -d /dev/hdc

(replacing /dev/hdc with your DVD drive's actual device name). If DMA is already on, then you're done. Otherwise, you should turn it on by typing hdparm -d 1 /dev/hdc. You may want to add this command to a startup script such as /etc/rc.d/rc.local to ensure that the DMA support is active every time your computer boots.

(înlocuind /dev/hdc cu numele actual al unităţi). Dacă DMA nu este activat, activarea se face introducând comanda hdparm -d 1 /dev/hdc. Se sugerează să adăugaţi această comandă într-unul din script-urile de startup precum /etc/rc.d/rc.local pentru a avea DMA activat automat la pornirea calculatorului.

See the DMA Troubleshooting section if DMA won't turn on even after you've typed the command to turn it on.

Consultaţi secţiunea Probleme DMA în cazul în care nu merge.

3. Software Installation

3. Instalare software

Here we cover the installation of the DVD playback software on various Linux distributions. For each Linux distribution we indicate how to install [http:/ /www.mplayerhq.hu/] MPlayer, [5] Xine, [http:// www.dtek.chalmers.se/groups/dvd/] Ogle, and [6] VideoLAN onto the system. These are the four most popular software packages for DVD playback in Linux. Usage instructions for these programs will be given in the next section.

Descriem în continuare instalarea de software playback pe diferite distribuţii Linux. Pentru fiecare distribuţie descriem cum să instalaţi http://www.mplayerhq.hu/ MPlayer, http://xine.sourceforge.net/ Xine, http://www.dtek.chalmers.se/groups/dvd/ Ogle, şi http://www.videolan.org/ VideoLan. Acestea sunt cele mai populare pachete software playback în Linux. Instrucţiunile de utilizare vor fi date în secţiunile următoare.

Read the section that corresponds to your Linux distribution. All of the installation commands given below should be run as root.

Citiţi secţiunea corespunzătoare distribuţiei dumneavoastră. Toate comenzile de mai jos trebuie introduse ca root.

3.1. Red Hat / Fedora

3.1 RedHat / Fedora

If you run Red Hat Linux or Fedora, you can download all of the DVD playback software from the [7] FreshRPMS package repository. Since there are so many packages needed for DVD playback, the easiest way to install all of them is to use apt-get. Here's how to do it:

Dacă rulaţi RedHat Linux sau Fedora, puteţi downloada tot software-ul de playback din repozitorul http://freshrpms.net/ FreshRPMS. Deoarece sunt o grămadă de pachete folosim apt-get pentru a le instala, după cum urmează:

1. Follow the link to the version of apt that matches your Red Hat version:

1. Folosiţi link-ul pentru versiunea - Fedora Core 1

- Red Hat Linux 9

- Red Hat Linux 8

- http://ftp.freshrpms.net/pub/freshrpms/redhat/7.3/apt/] Red Hat Linux 7.3

Download the appropriate binary x86 RPM package (in this example, apt-0.5.15cnc3-0.1.fr.i386.rpm) and install it using the rpm command as follows:

Downloadaţi pachetul binar corespunzător (în acest exemplu apt-0.5.15cnc3-0.1.fr.i386.rpm) şi îl instalaţi folosind comanda rpm:

# rpm -Uvh apt-0.5.15cnc3-0.1.fr.i386.rpm

2. Run the commands

2. Rulaţi comenzile:

# apt-get update                                                         
# apt-get install mplayer xine ogle_gui

to have apt install everything for you.

pentru a instala totul.

3.1.1. Special note about VideoLAN and Red Hat

3.3.1 Informaţii de instalare VideoLAN pe RedHat

The FreshRPMS repository contains the videolan-client package for Red Hat 9 and Red Hat 7.3, but not for Red Hat 8 or Fedora Core 1. If you want to install VideoLAN on Red Hat 9 or Red Hat 7.3, you can just type apt-get install videolan-client and let the program take care of it for you. Fedora Core 1 users who want VideoLAN will need to visit the official VideoLAN Red Hat page instead, and follow the instructions there. I do not recommend that Fedora users install VideoLAN, since the VideoLAN packages interfere to a large degree with the FreshRPMS packages installed in the previous step.

There appears to be no easy way to install VideoLAN on Red Hat 8.

3.2. Debian

3.2 Debian

These instructions are for Debian, stable only (3.0r1 as of this writing) -- it is assumed that if you run testing or unstable versions then you should already know what you are doing.

Aceste instrucţiuni sunt specifice Debian stable. Se presupune că dacă rulaţi testing sau unstable ştiţi deja ce trebuie făcut.

Make sure the following lines are in your /etc/apt/sources.list file:

Verificaţi că următoarele linii există deja în fişierul /etc/apt/sources.list:

deb http://hpisi.nerim.net/ stable main                                      
deb http://www.interq.or.jp/libra/oohara/debian-unofficial/ ./               
deb http://download.videolan.org/pub/videolan/debian woody main

(The first line is for MPlayer, the second is for the Xine CSS plugins, and the third is for VideoLAN.) Then run the commands:

(Prima linie este pentru MPlayer, a doua pentru Xine CSS plugins, iar a treia este pentru VideoLAN.) Apoi rulaţi comenzile:

# apt-get update                                                               
# apt-get install mplayer-686 mplayer-fonts mplayer-doc ogle                   
# /usr/share/doc/ogle/examples/install-css.sh                                  
# apt-get install xine-ui xine-d5d-plugin xine-d4d-plugin gnome-vlc libdvdcss2

3.3. Slackware

3.3 Slackware

The best site for Slackware add-on packages is [http://www.linuxpackages.net /] http://www.linuxpackages.net/. You can use their search engine to find and download the Ogle, Xine, MPlayer, libdvdcss, libdvdnav, libdvdread, lame, and a52dec packages from the web site. Put the packages into a single directory and run pkgtool to install the packages onto your system.

Cel mai bun site pentru pachete suplimentare Slackware este http://www.linuxpackages.net. Puteţi folosi motorul de căutare pentru a găsi şi downloada Ogle, Xine, MPlayer, libdvdcss, libdvdnav, libdvdread, lame şi a52dec. Puneţi pachetele într-un director şi rulaţi pkgtool pentru instalare.

For VideoLAN, you will have to build it from source since there is no precompiled package on the LinuxPackages web site yet. To make matters worse, the version of mpeg2dec included with Slackware 9.1 is too old to be used with VideoLAN, so you have to compile a newer version of mpeg2dec as well.

Pentru VideoLAN va trebui să construiţi executabilul din surse (notă .ro - a se verifica) deoarece nu există un pachet pe LinuxPackages. Mai râu, versiunea mpeg2dec inclusă în Slackware 9.1 este prea bătrână pentru a fi folosită, aşadar va trebui şi ea compilată.

That said, if you still want to install VideoLAN, then download the latest source packages for [8] mpeg2dec and [http:// www.videolan.org/] VideoLAN and run the following commands. Note that you have to disable ffmpeg support for the VideoLAN build because the Slackware MPlayer packages omit some of the header files needed by ffmpeg.

Acestea fiind spuse, downloadaţi ultimele surse de la http://libmpeg2.sourceforge.net/ şi http://www.videolan.org/, dezactivaţi suportul ffmpeg pentru VideoLAN (deoarece în Slackware MPlayer omite unele din fişierele header pentru ffmpeg) şi continuaţi cu comenzile:

# tar xzvf mpeg2dec-0.4.0.tar.gz                                             
# cd mpeg2dec-0.4.0                                                          
# ./configure                                                                
# make                                                                       
# make install                                                               
# cd ..                                                                      
# tar xzvf vlc-0.7.0.tar.gz                                                  
# cd vlc-0.7.0                                                               
# ./configure --disable-ffmpeg                                               
# make                                                                       
# make install

3.4. Mandrake

3.4 Mandrake/Mandriva

Mandrake users can get packages for all of the video programs from the [http: //plf.zarb.org/] Penguin Liberation Front web site. The fastest way is to visit the [9] Easy Urpmi site and follow the instructions to generate a listing of the commands you need to type for PLF access in urpmi. You should then type in the commands returned by the web site to set up your system for PLF access.

Utilizatorii Mandrake pot lua pachetele de pe Penguin Liberation Front http://plf.zarb.org. Cea mai rapidă metodă este însă să vizitaţi Easy Urpmi http://urpmi.org/easyurpmi/ şi urmaţi instrucţiunile pentru a genera o listă de comenzi pentru acces PLF în urpmi. Apoi introduceţi comenzile returnate de pagina web pentru a seta accesul la PLF.

After you have set up PLF access, type:

După setarea accesului, introduceţi:

# urpmi.update -a                                                            
# urpmi mplayer libdvdcss2 xine-ui ogle ogle_gui vlc

to install all the video programs.

pentru a instala toate programele.

3.5. SuSE

3.5 SuSE

The YaST package program included with SuSE works only with official packages, and there are no official packages that support DVD. Therefore you will have to install the packages for all of the DVD software manually.

Nu există pachete oficiale pentru suport DVD in YaST, aşadar totul trebuie setat manual.

MPlayer and Xine packages for SuSE are available on the [http:// packman.links2linux.org/?action=index] PackMan site. For MPlayer, you need the MPlayer, lzo, and xvid packages on that page as well as the "additionally needed binary packages" listed on the page for each package. SuSE 9.0 users should note that as of this writing the MPlayer package for SuSE 9.0 has a broken libsmbclient.so.0 dependency. You can work around this problem with the commands

Pachetele pentru MPlayer şi Xine se găsesc la PackMan http://packman.links2linux.org/?action=index. Pentru MPlayer aveţi nevoie de MPLayer, lzo şi xvid precum şi "additionally needed binary packages" listate pe fiecare pagină a fiecărui pachet. Utilizatorii SuSE 9.0 sunt atenţionaţi că MPlayer are o dependinţă "broken" pentru libsmbclient.so. Puteţi repara acest lucru folosind comenzile:

rpm -Uvh --nodeps MPlayer-1.0pre3-pm.1.i686.rpm
ln -s libsmbclient3.so.0 /usr/lib/libsmbclient.so.0

To install Xine, you should download and install the libxine1-dvd and xine-ui packages from [10] PackMan. Encrypted DVD support in Xine also requires installing [http:// download.videolan.org/pub/libdvdcss/1.2.8/rpm/redhat/] libdvdcss from the VideoLAN site.

Pentru Xine trebuie să downloadaţi şi instalaţi pachetele libxine1-dev şi xine-ui din PackMan http://packman.links2linux.org/?action=index. Suportul de encripţie DVD în Xine are nevoie de libdvdcss http://download.videolan.org/pub/libdvdcss/1.2.8/rpm/redhat/ de pe pagina VideoLAN.

Ogle can be installed using the Red Hat RPMs from the Ogle site. SuSE 9.0 users who want to install the Ogle_gui package will also need to install [ftp://rpmfind.net/linux/SuSE-Linux/i386/8.2/suse/i586/ orbit-0.5.17-116.i586.rpm] orbit, [ftp://rpmfind.net/linux/SuSE-Linux/i386/ 8.2/suse/i586/gdk-pixbuf-0.18.0-248.i586.rpm] gdk-pixbuf, [ftp://rpmfind.net /linux/SuSE-Linux/i386/8.2/suse/i586/gnome-libs-1.4.1.7-273.i586.rpm] gnome-libs, and [ftp://rpmfind.net/linux/SuSE-Linux/i386/8.2/suse/i586/ libglade-0.16-1015.i586.rpm] libglade from SuSE 8.2.

VideoLAN users will need to download the Red Hat RPMs from the VideoLAN site and install them forcibly using rpm --nodeps. The VideoLAN packages also require [ftp://rpmfind.net/linux/SuSE-Linux/i386/8.2/suse/i586/ XFree86-compat-libs-4.3.0-19.i586.rpm] XFree86-compat-libs and [ftp:// rpmfind.net/linux/SuSE-Linux/i386/8.2/suse/i586/freetype-1.3.1-801.i586.rpm] freetype from SuSE 8.2 in order to run.

3.6. Gentoo

3.6 Gentoo

The basic command to use is:

Comenzile de bază sunt:

# emerge sync                                                                
# USE="dvd mmx sse" emerge mplayer xine-ui vlc ogle-gui

If you have an AMD processor, you should type USE="dvd mmx 3dnow" instead of using the sse flag. Athlon XP owners can use the 3dnow and sse flags together.

Dacă aveţi un procesor AMD folosiţi USE="dvd mmx 3dnow" în locul flagului sse. Athlon XP pot folosi flagurile 3dnow şi sse împreună.

4. Software Usage

4. Utilizare software

Although I have tried very hard to keep this HOWTO focused on practical advice instead of abstract theory, it is necessary to have some minimal background in television video in order to understand how to get the best possible video quality under Linux.

Deşi am încercat să fim cât mai practici, este necesar în acest moment să prezentăm teoretic tehnologia video/TV pentru a înţelege cum să obţinem cel mai bun playback posibil.

4.1. General principles: deinterlacing, telecine, and framerates

4.1 Principii generale: deinterlacing, telecine şi framerates

Regular television video is interlaced, meaning that the odd-numbered scanlines are recorded (and displayed) first, followed by the even numbered scanlines, then the odd ones again, then the even ones again, etc. Each individual line is displayed 30 times a second (or 25, depending on where you live), but because of the interlacing, the television image as a whole is refreshed 60 times a second (or 50), with only half of the total lines being refreshed each time.

De regulă, semnalul video pentru televiziune este interlaced, ceea ce înseamnă că liniile de ecran (scanlines) impare sunt înregistrate mai întâi, urmate de liniile pare, urmate apoi din nou de liniile impare, şamd. Fiecare linie este afişată pe ecran de 30 de ori în fiecare secundă (sau 25 depinde unde vă aflaţi geografic), însă din cauza procesului de interlacing, un ecran este reîmprospătat de 60 de ori pe secundă (sau 50), de fiecare dată numai cu jumătate din linii.

In general, with interlaced motion pictures, there is no way to reconstruct any single video frame perfectly without artifacts. This point is important enough to repeat: there is no way to perfectly reconstruct any single frame! The reason is that the odd-numbered lines are recorded onto the video tape with a timing skew of one half-frame relative to the even-numbered lines. If the video picture is still, this timing skew is no problem, but for moving pictures it causes half the lines to be displaced from the other half. On a television screen, you can't see this displacement, since TV screens (except for high-end HDTV monitors) are of such low quality that the artifacts aren't visible. However, on a computer screen, this displacement is very visible and causes comb-like artifacts to appear in the video. You can see screenshots of interlacing artifacts in the interlacing section of Luke's Video Guide.

În general, semnalele interlaced nu permit reconstrucţia unui singur ecran fără mici probleme (artifacts). Este un fapt foarte important care merită subliniat: este imposibil o reconstrucţie perfectă. Motivul este diferenţa de timp de jumătate de ecran care apare între înregistrarea liniilor impare şi a liniilor pare. Dacă imaginea ar sta nemişcată, aceasta nu ar fi o problemă, este însă pentru imaginile normale de film. Pe un ecran de televiziune problema este practic invizibilă, datorită calităţii reduse a televizorului (cu excepţia monitoarelor HDTV high-end). Totuşi, pe un ecran de computer efectul este foarte vizibil (comb-like artifacts). Puteţi vedea exemple in secţiunea interlacing din Luke's Video Guide.

4.1.1. How to fix interlacing artifacts

4.1.1 Rezolvarea problemelor generate de interlacing

The process of removing interlacing artifacts is called deinterlacing. Unfortunately, all deinterlacing techniques are imperfect to some extent, and there is no single method which works best in all situations. It is therefore important to experiment with all of the different possible deinterlace settings to see which one works best for a particular disc.

Procesul de eliminare a "interlacing artifacts" se numeşte deinterlacing. Din păcate, toate tehnicile de deinterlacing sunt imperfecte, şi nu există o metodă unică pentru orice situaţie. Este important deci să experimentaţi pentru a vedea care metodă merge mai bine pentru fiecare disc particular.

MPlayer users can get a list of deinterlacing options by typing mplayer -pphelp at the command line. Find the option that you want to use, and then use the -vf pp=<option> syntax to activate the option. For example, I usually use the lb option, which is done with the command: mplayer -vf pp=lb, followed by whatever other options you would normally use to play the DVD.

Utilizatorii MPlayer pot obţine o listă de opţiuni de deinterlacing introducând comanda mplayer --pphelp. Folosiţi apoi -vf pp=<option> pentru a o activa.

VideoLAN users can right-click on the movie to get a list of deinterlacing options (under Video Settings or Deinterlace, depending on the program version).

Utilizatorii VideoLAN pot face un right-click pe film pentru a obţine lista de opţiuni (în meniul Video Setting or Deinterlace, depinde de versiunea programului.

Xine has a list of deinterlacing options in the configuration panel; to get to it, right-click on the movie window, open the Settings->Setup dialog, set "Configuration experience level" to "Advanced", and then look for "Software deinterlace method" under the "Video" tab.

Xine are o listă de opţiuni deinterlacing în panoul de configuraţie: right-click pe fereastra filmului, deschideţi Setting->Setup dialog, setaţi "Configuration experience level" ca "Advance" iar apoi căutaţi "Software deinterlace method" în tab-ul "Video".

Ogle has no deinterlacing support, so it is not recommended to use Ogle for watching interlaced video.

Ogle nu are suport pentru deinterlacing.

4.1.2. Telecined video

4.1.2 Telecined

This section only applies to video in NTSC format (used in North America, east Asia, and parts of Latin America) -- PAL users (the rest of the world) can skip ahead.

Această secţiune se aplică numai pentru formatul NTSC (folosit în America de Nord, estul Asiei şi părţi ale Americii latine). Utilizatorii PAL (restul lumii) pot sări mai departe.

The one exception to all of the above discussion about interlacing is in the case of telecined video. Briefly put, telecine is a special kind of interlacing that is done only to theatrical (i.e. cinematic) movies and some forms of hand-drawn animated shows. The special thing about telecine is that it can usually be perfectly undone. The details are too complicated to explain here, but you can read about it in Luke's Video Guide or Bob Niland's FAQs if you're curious.

"Telecined video" este o excepţie la tot ce s-a discutat mai sus. Telecine este of formă specială de interlacing care este aplicată filmelor de cinema şi unor show-uri de animaţie desenate manual. În acest caz, deinterlacing poate fi făcut perfect. Detaliile sunt mult prea complicate pentru a fi explicate aici, puteţi găsi mai multe detalii în Luke's Video Guide or Bob Niland's FAQs.

The process of undoing the telecine artifacts is called inverse telecine. The good news is that inverse telecine, done properly, fully restores the original video quality of the source video with no artifacts whatsoever. The bad news is that MPlayer is the only player program in the world right now that can perform inverse telecine.

Procesul de deinterlacing pentru telecine poartă numele de "inverse telecine". Partea bună este că restaurarea imaginii iniţiale este perfectă. Partea proastă este că numai MPlayer suportă în acest moment această decodare.

To perform inverse telecine in MPlayer, simply add the -vf ivtc option to the MPlayer command. This option is the right one to use if you are watching a movie you know originated as a theatrical release, or if you are watching animated shows. Warning: this option is very CPU intensive. You need at least a 1 GHz processor to even think about doing it.

Pentru aceasta, adăugaţi opţiunea -vf ivtc în MPlayer. Aceasta este opţiunea corectă pentru vizionarea de filme de cinema sau show-uri de animaţie. Atenţie: aveţi nevoie de un procesor de cel puţin 1 GHz pentru decodare.

4.1.3. How come Windows users don't have to deal with all this?

4.1.3 Cum se face că utilizatorii Windows nu trebuie să-şi bată capul cu aşa ceva?

Windows DVD players hide most of the complexity of DVD playback and fall back to the lowest common demoninator when playing DVDs. The result is that you get playback quality which is decent in a wide range of situations but not always the best that can be achieved in any given situation. For example, no Windows DVD player in the world has an inverse telecine filter like MPlayer does, so telecined material always looks dramatically worse in Windows than in MPlayer under Linux.

Programele player sub Windows ascund o mare parte din complexitatea procesului de playback DVD şi folosesc o implementare care funcţionează în marea majoritate a cazurilor. Rezultatul este un playback decent însă nu cel mai bun posibil. De exemplu nici un player Windows implementează inverse telecine, deci show-urile de cinema arată mult mai bine sub Linux folosind MPlayer.

4.2. Specific usage instructions

4.2 Instrucţiuni specifice

Here we give specific instructions for launching basic DVD playback in the various player programs. These commands only cover the basic steps of operating each program. You are encouraged to refer to the man pages of each program for further instructions.

Câteva instrucţiuni specifice pentru playback DVD pentru programele player prezentate.. Numai comenzile de bază sunt descrise. Vă încurajăm să consultaţi paginile de manual ale programelor respective.

Put the DVD that you want to play into your drive before attempting playback.

Introduceţi DVD-ul în unitate înainte de a începe playback-ul.

4.2.1. MPlayer

4.2.1 MPlayer

Type mplayer dvd://1 to begin playing title #1 on the disc. To play other title numbers, substitute the appropriate number in place of 1.

Introduceţi comanda mplayer dvd://1 pentru a începe cu titlul 1 de pe disc. Playback pentru alte titluri se face substituind numărul.

Old versions of MPlayer, such as the one used in Debian, require the command mplayer -dvd 1 instead. In some cases you also have to explicitly add the option -vo xv in order to make MPlayer use the hardware video overlay port.

Versiunile mai vechi de MPlayer, precum cele folosite în Debian, folosesc comanda mplayer -dvd 1. în unele cazuri trebuie să specificaţi în mod explicit -vo xv pentru a-l convinge pe MPlayer să folosească video overlay.

Subtitle and audio options for MPlayer have to be specified on the command line. The format is -alang NN or -slang NN where NN is the two-letter language code of the language you want. For example, to play back Japanese audio with English subtitles, type:

Subtitlurile şi diferitele opţiuni audio pot fi specificate pe linie de comandă. Formatul este -alan NN sau -slang NN unde NN este codul de două litere al limbii respective. De exemplu pentru playback japonez audio cu subtitluri în limba engleză introduceţi:

# mplayer dvd://1 -alang ja -slang en

on the command line.

4.2.2. Xine

4.2.2 Xine

Simply type xine at the command prompt to start the program.

Introduceţi comanda xine pentru a porni programul.

The first time you start the program, it will display a configuration screen with a bunch of options. In most cases you can leave all of the options at the defaults.

Prima dată când îl porniţi, va afişa un ecran de configurare cu o grămadă de opţiuni. În marea majoritate a cazurilor valorile implicite sunt corecte.

The program has a graphical console with a row of labeled buttons along the bottom. Press the DVD button to start playing the DVD. (However, if your version of Xine has a D5D button, use that instead.)

Programul are o interfaţă grafică cu rânduri de butoane. Apăsaţi butonul DVD pentru a începe playback-ul. (Dacă butonul DVD nu există, apăsaţi butonul DTS).

Xine supports DVD menus, so you can set language or subtitling options as you normally would via the disc's own menu.

Xine suportă diferite meniuri pentru limbă şi subtitle.

4.2.3. Ogle

4.2.3 Ogle

Type ogle to start the program. Depending on which version of the program you have, it may start playing the DVD automatically. If it doesn't, then click on the File menu and select Open Disc to begin reading the disc.

Introduceţi ogle pentru a porni programul. Depinde ce versiune de Ogle folosiţi, filmul va începe automat. Dacă nu, în meniul File apăsaţi pe Open Disc.

Ogle, like Xine, supports DVD menus for setting the language or subtitling options.

Ca şi XIne, suportă meniuri pentru limbă şi subtitle.

4.2.4. VideoLAN

4.2.4 VideoLAN

Use the vlc command to bring up the VideoLAN GUI and click on the disc icon to open the disc and start playing. Right click the playback window to bring up the options menu, which includes deinterlacing, audio, and subtitle options.

Folosiţi comanda vlc pentru a activa interfaţa grafică şi apăsaţi pe icoana discului pentru a începe vizionarea. Right-click în fereastra de playback pentru a accesa meniul de opţiuni care include deinterlacing, audio şi subtitle.

5. Troubleshooting

5.1. xvinfo returns "no adaptors present" 5.2. xvinfo works but overlay output is garbled 5.3. DMA isn't working 5.4. Video playback is choppy 5.5. Sound playback is choppy 5.6. Out of region discs play back garbled 5.7. Out-of-region discs hang on playback

5.1. xvinfo returns "no adaptors present"

Make sure you are running XFree86 4.1 or above. You can find out your version of XFree86 by typing X -version at the command prompt.

Use an appropriate driver for your video card. Some Linux distributions default to using the generic XFree86 VESA driver instead of the specific driver for your video card. You need to use the hardware-specific driver for your card in order to get hardware overlay support.

????*??ATI users should try downloading the improved ATI XFree86 drivers from

   the [11] GATOS home page, or from the official
   ATI Linux support page.

????*??NVidia users should try downloading the official NVidia Linux drivers for

   their video card.

????*??Sometimes upgrading [12] XFree86 can provide you

   with an improved driver that has hardware overlay support, but such an
   upgrade is beyond the scope of this HOWTO.

5.2. xvinfo works but overlay output is garbled

Problems with garbled or missing overlay output usually mean that you don't have enough video RAM to hold both the regular desktop display and the video overlay display at once. Typically you need twice as much video RAM as normal at a given video resolution in order to use hardware video overlay. In some cases you may even need 3 to 5 times more RAM because of internal buffering in the video card.

The only easy way to lower your video RAM requirements is to switch to a lower video resolution while playing videos.

5.3. DMA isn't working

You can tell that DMA is broken if using the command hdparm -d1 on your DVD drive returns a message like the following:

hdparm -d1 /dev/hda

/dev/hda:

setting using_dma to 1 (on)                                                 
HDIO_SET_DMA failed: Operation not permitted                                
using_dma    =  0 (off)

The only way to fix this problem is to compile a kernel with DMA support for

your particular chipset. It is beyond the scope of this HOWTO to explain how to compile a kernel, but the steps which are particularly relevant to DMA support are as follows:

1. Download a recent kernel so that you have the greatest possible chance of
   DMA being supported on your chipset.
  
2. Unpack your kernel and type make xconfig in the kernel build directory.
   Under "ATA/IDE/MFM/RLL support", select "IDE, ATA, and ATAPI Block
   devices" and enable "Generic PCI bus-master DMA support" and "Use DMA by
   default when available".
  
3. On the same page there are several dozen chipset-specific DMA drivers
   that continue downward for several screens. Find and select one relevant
   to your chipset, if there are any. For example if you have an AMD Athlon
   based VIA chipset, enable the "VIA82CXXX chipset support" item.

For more information on compiling kernels, see the [http://en.tldp.org/HOWTO/ Kernel-HOWTO/] Kernel HOWTO as well as the Linux Ultra-DMA Mini-Howto.

5.4. Video playback is choppy

On a fast enough computer (say, over 1 GHz), choppy video playback usually means that your overlay support or DMA support is misconfigured. See the previous troubleshooting items.

On a very slow computer (say, 0-500 MHz), there is nothing you can do short of hardware upgrades to make DVD playback run well.

For borderline computers (anything in between), you can gain a modest (~10%) performance boost by upgrading from kernel 2.2 to kernel 2.4 and using an SSE-optimized player program like MPlayer.

Finally, if all else fails, run MPlayer with the option mplayer -framedrop to patch over occasional glitches in video playback.

5.5. Sound playback is choppy

The most common cause of sound playback problems is from sound cards that do not support 48 kHz audio playback. For people in this category, I strongly suggest that you purchase a new sound card. Even a cheap PCI sound card can give you a substantial upgrade in sound quality for less than the cost of two DVDs.

Failing that, you can lighten the load on your sound playback system by not using a sound daemon such as ESounD or aRts and playing the DVD audio directly to the OSS driver. To do this with MPlayer, run mplayer -ao=oss along with whatever other options you normally use.

5.6. Out of region discs play back garbled

In the past, older versions of most of the programs discussed here have had trouble decrypting out-of-region discs. The result of a failed decryption looks like the colored video noise that you see.

Upgrading to the newest available version of any of the programs should solve this problem.

5.7. Out-of-region discs hang on playback

Watch the DVD drive's access light while the program is hanging. Is the light still blinking in an access pattern? If it is (and usually it will be), that means the program is still in the middle of decrypting the disc.

Decrypting the DVD involves mounting a fairly large-scale computational effort to recover the key. It is not at all unusual for a computer to take five or even ten minutes to decrypt a single DVD key.

In-region discs never have this problem because the DVD drive firmware automatically decrypts discs that match with the drive's own region.

6. Further Information